SIMULATIONS: CIP Simulations, Tools and Software
[2010-01-04 09:42:20] Three simulations: Sticks, Amaral-Meyer, and Random Catastrophes. Sticks illustrates how systems fail due to outside incidents. Amaral-Meyer illustrates intrinsic failure (internal faults), and Random Catastrophes illustrates how any layered system fails due to random or normal accidents. Concepts: self-organized criticality, power laws, and exceedence probability. [2009-10-07 12:42:20]
Simulated termites picking up wood chips. This shows how networks are formed. Initially the termites create a random network. Over time it evolves into a cluster network, and finally a scale-free network. Concepts: emergence and self-organization. [2009-10-07 09:42:20] Simulated forest fires started by random lightening strikes. Illustrates the concept of percolation and shows how percolation leads to self-organized criticality and power law exceedence probability. Less frequent lightening strikes lead to higher consequences (larger fires). [2009-10-07 09:42:20] Simulation of cascade failures in networks, illustrating the relationship between consequence and vulnerability in networks. Cascade failures obey an exceedence probability that is a power law for small vulnerability. [2009-10-07 09:42:20] Simulation of flow failures in networks. Illustrating the relationship between consequence and different attack strategies on nodes in a network. Flow resiliency is highest in clustered networks; lowest in scale-free networks. [2009-10-07 09:42:20] Simulation of attacker and defender strategies in random, clustered, and scale-free networks. Shows that network hubs and betweener nodes are the most important in terms of both attacker and defender strategies. [2009-06-11 09:08:25] The MBRA tool supports the Model-Based Risk Assessment technique described in Critical Infrastructure Protection in Homeland Security (Lewis, 2003). There are two key components of MBRA: the network analysis and the fault tree analysis. These two parts can be performed independently or together. The network analysis models an infrastructure network and helps the analyst to determine which components are the most critical. The fault tree is an engineering technique used to model possible faults to related parts of a system and then to determine how best to allocate resources to those parts to minimize overall risk. MBRA Version 2.0 Tutorial [swf] | User Manual [pdf] [2009-04-16 09:03:46]
The MBRA tool supports the Model-Based Risk Assessment technique described in Critical Infrastructure Protection in Homeland Security (Lewis, 2003). There are two key components of MBRA: the network analysis and the fault tree analysis. These two parts can be performed independently or together. The network analysis models an infrastructure network and helps the analyst to determine which components are the most critical. The fault tree is an engineering technique used to model possible faults to related parts of a system and then to determine how best to allocate resources to those parts to minimize overall risk. MBRA Version 2.0 Tutorial [swf] | User Manual [pdf] [2009-04-14 09:14:05] NA (Network Analysis) is a tool that models networks of critical infrastructure as nodes and links. NA is then able to help the analyst identify critical nodes in a network by applying a budget to the entire system. By providing the consequence values for each node and link that would be incurred if that asset was damaged, NA uses the connectivity of the network to determine criticality. [2009-04-14 09:10:39] FT++ (Fault Tree) is an analysis tool that models the potential faults in a system or collection of subsystems in terms of their threats, vulnerabilities, and associated consequences if disabled. A fault tree will help the analyst determine which series of single or combination events could result in overall system failure. It contains several budget allocation strategies that will specify how resources should be allocated to optimize the hardening of the system. [2007-02-05 09:38:18]
This simulation tool illustrates the law of increasing returns based upon an organizing principle that short links are preferred over longer links. This program is described in Chapter 4 of Ted Lewis' book, Critical Infrastructure Protection, Defending a Networked Nation. [2007-02-05 09:36:34]
This simulation tool illustrates the law of increasing returns (also known as preferential selection), and the power law. This program is described in Chapter 4 of Ted Lewis' book, Critical Infrastructure Protection, Defending a Networked Nation. [2007-02-05 09:33:49] RTree is the tree-structured network equivalent of RNET described in chapter 9 of Ted Lewis' book, Critical Infrastructure Protection, Defending a Networked Nation. [2007-02-05 09:31:13] This simulation tool illustrates the RSA public key algorithm and how it is used to encrypt and decrypt messages. The program is described in Chapter 14 of Ted Lewis' book, Critical Infrastructure Protection, Defending a Networked Nation. [2007-02-05 09:29:06] This simulation tool illustrates how Network Analysis can be used to analyze tree-structured networks (like those found in power distribution systems). The program is described in Chapter 9 of Ted Lewis' book, Critical Infrastructure Protection, Defending a Networked Nation. [2007-02-05 09:26:43]
This simulation tool illustrates an organizing principle that ends up forming a tree out of a random network. [2007-02-05 09:22:04]
This simulation tool illustrates a highly simplified model of how the power grid works and is useful for showing students why power level fluctuates due to 'buying and selling' through ISOs and how these fluctuations introduce vulnerabilities. The program is described in Chapter 9 of Ted Lewis' book, Critical Infrastructure Protection, Defending a Networked Nation. [2007-02-05 09:18:44]
This simulation tool illustrates how network worms spread using an epidemic-like contagion in a random and scale-free network using 'susceptible-infected-died' and SIS (susceptible-infected-susceptible) modules. The program is described in Chapter 12 of Ted Lewis' book, Critical Infrastructure Protection, Defending a Networked Nation. [2007-02-05 09:16:52]
[2007-02-05 09:14:55]
This simulation tool demonstrates the behavior of a cascade failure in an arbitrary network and provides tools for studying the effects of network structure on its ability to resist cascade failure. Related or Supporting Documents:
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The Critical Infrastructure Protection simulation software (both web [html] and desktop [jar] versions), created by Dr. Ted Lewis, incorporates network theory and optimization theory to help analyze and understand how infrastructure sectors evolve, where they are vulnerable, and how they can best be protected. For example, in the FT+ simulation, the user constructs a fault tree containing sector components and threats, along with the estimated total budget, vulnerability, cost to eliminate vulnerability, and consequence (damage) value for each threat. Then, the user may select one of four strategies to compute the best way to allocate the budget to reduce vulnerability and/or risk. In the Network Analysis simulation, the user takes a network model of an infrastructure system along with a budget and estimates damage values as inputs and produces an optimal allocation of the budget to nodes and links such that risk is minimized. Thirteen different simulations are available and are routinely updated. Download the desktop versions to your computer and run them locally, or run the web versions right from the web.
Catastrophes [download]
Termites [play]